
Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide
MISSION CRITICAL: For in vitro laboratory research only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not evaluated by the FDA. Must be 21+.
SS-31 (also known as Bendavia or Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2. With the molecular formula C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ and a molecular weight of 639.8 g/mol (CAS: 736992-21-5), SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide with antioxidant properties.
D-Arg-2,6-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2SS-31 binds specifically to cardiolipin at the mitochondrial inner membrane, stabilizing electron transport complexes in vitro (PMID: 22885605).
Research indicates SS-31 reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects cardiolipin oxidation in cell cultures (PMID: 25389201).
Zhao et al. (2012) characterized SS-31's binding to cardiolipin and its effects on mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro (PMID: 22885605).
Zhao K, et al. (2012). SS-31 and mitochondrial cardiolipin. Biochim Biophys Acta.PMID: 25389201Zhao et al. (2014) investigated SS-31's mechanism of action at the mitochondrial inner membrane and electron transport chain (PMID: 25389201).
Zhao K, et al. (2014). Cell-permeable SS-31: molecular mechanisms. Front Biosci.